Introduction
IntroductionThe descent of the Holy Fire at the Church of the Holy Sepulchre (or Church of the Resurrection as it is also known) each Holy Saturday is a magnificent and highly venerated event that has been taking place for more than one and a half millennia. This light is identified with the supernatural light that radiated inside the tomb of Jesus during his resurrection. The Holy Light appeared for the first time during the resurrection of Jesus Christ, on the evening of Holy Saturday though it was the Sunday of Easter according to the calendar, most likely on the date of 5 April AD 33.1 Today, two millennia later, the same light continues to appear at the same place: inside the tomb of Jesus but also outside it, during the service of Holy Saturday.
Notes: 1. The crucifixion of Jesus took place on a Friday, on the eve of the Jewish Passover, while the ruler of Judea was Pontius Pilate (AD 26–36). During this ten year period the eve of Passover coincided with a Friday only twice: on 7 April in the year AD 30 and 3 April in the year AD 33. Therefore there are only two possible dates for the day of the crucifixion. The Evangelist Luke mentions that the activity of John the Baptist began in the 15th year of the rule of Emperor Tiberius, namely during the period between 19 August 28 and 19 August 29. This means that the public activity of Jesus, which follows approximately one year later, begins in AD 29–30. And because the public activity of Jesus lasted approximately three years, the only possible date for his crucifixion is 3 April and for his resurrection, 5 April in the year 33. Many Byzantine writers—such as John Philoponus, George Cedrenus, George Syncellus, but other sources as well (The Acts of Pilate)—also state that the crucifixion of Jesus took place during the 19th year of the rule of Emperor Tiberius, namely in AD 33. The exact date of the crucifixion, 3 April AD 33 (Julian calendar), was first astronomically calculated in the year 1267 by the English philosopher Roger Bacon, in his work Opus majus, vol. 1, p. 209: “iii nonas Aprilis... anno xxxiii ab incarnatione.” 2. “But do not trust any and every spirit, my friends; test the spirits, to see whether they are from God, for among those who have gone out into the world there are many prophets falsely inspired” (First Letter of John 4:1–3, trans. Oxford 1961; here and elsewhere). 3. J.L. von Mosheim, De Lumine Sancti Sepulchri Commentatio, Helmstadt 1736. 4. G. Klameth, Das Karsamstagsfeuerwunder der heiligen Grabeskirche, Vienna 1913. 5. I.J. Krachkovsky, “Blagodatnyj ogon po rasskazy al-Biruni i drugich musul’manskich pisatelej 6. K. Miliaras, Historical Study of the Holy Fire, Jerusalem 1934. 7. Μ. Canard, “La destruction de l'Église de la Résurrection par le Сalife Hakim et l’histoire de 8. O. Meinardus, “The Ceremony of the Holy Fire in the Middle Ages and To-day,” BSAC 16 (1961–62), pp. 242–53. 9. F.E. Peters, Jerusalem: the Holy City in the Eyes of Chroniclers, Visitors, Pilgrims, and Prophets, Princeton 1985. 10. Bishop Auxentios of Photiki, “The Paschal Fire in Jerusalem: A Study of the Rite of the Holy Fire in the Church of the Holy Sepulchre,” Berkeley, California 1999. HOLY FIRE Seventy Historical Accounts (4th – 16th c.)
The descent of the Holy Fire at the tomb of Jesus every Holy Saturday is the only miraculous event in human history which has taken place each year on the same day for more than one and a half millennia. Covering a period of thirteen centuries (4th–16th c.), this book assembles historical accounts of the celebrated event.
Seventy authors—fourteen French, nine Englishmen, seven Byzantine Greeks, six Germans, five Armenians, five Muslim Arabs, four Italians, four Persians, three Russians, three Icelanders, two Egyptians, two Chaldeans, one Syrian, one Moldavian, one Ethiopian, one Belgian, one Austrian and one Swiss—describe the greatest miracle of the Christian world: the Holy Fire (i.e., the Light of the Resurrection of Christ) which appears every Holy Saturday at the tomb of Jesus, a few hours before the celebration of his resurrection.
Seventy authors—fourteen French, nine Englishmen, seven Byzantine Greeks, six Germans, five Armenians, five Muslim Arabs, four Italians, four Persians, three Russians, three Icelanders, two Egyptians, two Chaldeans, one Syrian, one Moldavian, one Ethiopian, one Belgian, one Austrian and one Swiss—describe the greatest miracle of the Christian world: the Holy Fire (i.e., the Light of the Resurrection of Christ) which appears every Holy Saturday at the tomb of Jesus, a few hours before the celebration of his resurrection.
Furthermore, the scientific measurements that were taken in the tomb of Jesus on Holy Saturday in 2008 by Associate Professor Antrey Volkov, confirm the descent of the Holy Fire and reveal three phenomena, which he himself characterizes as “incredible and entirely inexplicable.” |
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